3.3. Possible malfunctions of the engine, their reason and methods of elimination



Cause of defect
Elimination method
The engine is not started
1. There is no fuel in the carburetor:

a) fuel-supply lines or filters of the carburetor and the fuel pump are littered;
a) wash out and blow the fuel tank, fuel-supply lines and filters;
b) the fuel pump is faulty
b) check operation of the pump and replace the damaged details
2. The system of ignition is faulty.
2. See the head "System of ignition"
3. The air gate of the carburetor remains closed at the first flashes in cylinders
3. Eliminate leakage of the starting arrangement of the carburetor
The engine works is unstable
about or becomes deaf idling
1. Adjustment of idling of the engine is broken
1. Adjust idling


2. An air suction through damaged
drainage tube
2. Replace a drainage tube
3. The control system is faulty
economizer of idling of the carburetor:
a) an air suction through the hoses connecting the economizer to the inlet pipeline;
a) check hoses and their connections, replace the damaged hoses;
b) replace the control unit;
b) the control unit of a pneumatic valve is faulty;


c) the pneumatic valve is faulty;
c) replace a pneumatic valve;
d) the microswitch is damaged or
its installation is broken
d) check the microswitch,
adjust its installation
4. An air suction through damaged
the hose connecting the inlet pipeline to the vacuum amplifier of brakes
4. Replace the damaged hose.
5. An air suction through laying
in connections of the inlet pipeline
with the carburetor or with a head
cylinders
5. Tighten nuts of fastening or
replace laying
6. Gaps between levers are broken and
camshaft cams
6. Adjust gaps
7. The carburetor is faulty:

a) jets or channels are littered
a) blow jets and channels compressed
carburetor;
air;
b) water in the carburetor;
b) remove water from the carburetor, merge

sediment from the fuel tank;
c) tightness of a diaphragm is broken
c) replace a diaphragm
starting arrangement

8. The system of ignition is faulty
8. See the head "System of ignition"
At smooth increase in frequency of rotation of the engine
up to 1600 min.-1 the engine works cyclically
(frequency of rotation fluctuates from 1600 to 1200 min.-1)
The microswitch of the carburetor is damaged or its installation is broken
Adjust installation of the microswitch or replace it
The engine does not develop full capacity and does not possess sufficient
acceleration performance
1. Incomplete opening of butterfly valves of the carburetor
1. Adjust drives of throttle
gates
2. The air filter is polluted
2. Replace the filtering element
3. The system of ignition is faulty
3. See the head "System of ignition"
4. The fuel pump is faulty
4. Check operation of the pump and replace

the damaged details
5. The carburetor is faulty:

a) the pump accelerator is faulty;
a) check pump productivity, replace the damaged details;
b) the main jets are littered;
b) blow jets compressed air;
c) air is not completely open
gate;
c) adjust the gate drive;
d) fuel level in float-operated
the camera does not meet standard
d) adjust installation of a float
6. Gaps between levers are broken and
camshaft cams
6. Adjust gaps
7. An insufficient compression -
it is lower than 1 MPa (10 kgfs/cm2):

a) laying of a head is punched
cylinders;
a) replace laying;
b) burn-out of pistons, breakage or bedding of piston rings;
b) clear rings and flutes of pistons of a deposit, replace the damaged rings and the piston;
c) a bad prileganiye of valves to saddles;
c) replace the damaged valves, grind saddles;
d) excessive wear of cylinders
and piston rings
d) replace pistons, chisel also to an otkhoninguyta cylinders
Knock of radical bearings of a bent shaft
Usually knock of deaf tone, metal. It is found at sharp opening of a butterfly valve idling. Its frequency increases with increase in frequency of rotation of a bent shaft. The excessive axial gap of a bent shaft causes knock sharper with the uneven intervals especially noticeable at smooth increase and reduction of frequency of rotation cranked
shaft
1. Too early ignition
1. Adjust installation of ignition
2. Insufficient pressure of oil
2. See. "Insufficient pressure of oil
idling"
3. Bolts of fastening of a flywheel are weakened
3. Tighten bolts recommended
moment
4. The increased gap between necks and
inserts of radical bearings
4. Necks also replace Proshlifuyte
inserts
5. The increased gap between persistent
half rings and bent shaft
5. Replace persistent half rings
new
Knock of conrod
bearings
Usually the knock of conrod bearings is sharper than knock of radical. It is listened idling the engine at sharp opening of a butterfly valve. It is easy to define the place of knock, disconnecting in turn spark plugs.
1. Insufficient pressure of oil
1. See. "Insufficient pressure of oil
idling"
2. An excessive gap between conrod
necks of a bent shaft and inserts
2. Replace inserts and a proshlifuyta
necks
Knock of pistons
This knock usually not ringing, muffled: is caused by "beating"
the piston in the cylinder. Best of all it is listened with a small frequency
rotations of a bent shaft and under loading.
1. The increased gap between pistons
and cylinders
1. Replace pistons, chisel and
to otkhoninguyta cylinders
2. An excessive gap between piston
rings and flutes on the piston
2. Replace rings or pistons with
rings


Knock of inlet and final valves
Work with the increased gaps in the valvate mechanism causes character of %
ny knock, usually with uniform intervals; its frequency is less than any
other knock in the engine as valves are put in action from % conflicts
delitelny shaft which frequency of rotation is twice less than frequency
rotations of a bent shaft
1. The increased gaps between levers
and camshaft cams
1. Adjust gaps
2. Breakage of a valvate spring.
2. Replace a spring
3. An excessive gap between a core and
valve guide
3. Replace worn-out details
4. Wear of cams of distributive
shaft
4. Replace the camshaft
and levers of valves
5. Otvorachivany lock-nuts of an adjusting bolt
5. Adjust a gap between the lever and a cam of the camshaft, tighten a lock-nut
Excessive noise of a chain of the drive of the camshaft
From the general noise of the engine noise of a chain of the drive of the camshaft
it is allocated at emergence of gaps between elements of gearing and accurately listened with a small frequency of rotation of a bent shaft
1. The chain owing to wear weakened
1. Pull a chain
2. Breakage of a boot of a natyazhitel of a chain
or uspokoitel
2. Replace a boot of a natyazhitel or
uspokoitel
3. Jamming of a rod of a plunger of a natyazhitel of a chain
3. Eliminate jamming
Insufficient pressure on the heated-up engine of oil idling
1. Hit under the reducing valve
oil pump of foreign particles
1. Clear the valve of strangers
particles and agnails, wash out oil
pump
2. Gear wheels of oil are worn-out
pump
2. Repair the oil pump
3. An excessive gap between вкладыша_
ми and radical necks of cranked
shaft
3. Of a neck also replace with Proshlifuyte inserts
4. Jamming of the reducing valve
oil pressure
4. Replace the valve
5. Use of engine oil of inappropriate brand and quality
5. Replace oil with another, recommended in section 1
Excessive pressure of oil on the heated-up engine
Jamming of the reducing valve of pressure of oil
Replace the valve
The raised oil consumption
1. Dribble of oil through consolidations
engine
1. Tighten fastenings or replace
laying and epiploons
2. Wear of piston rings and pistons
or engine cylinders
2. Chisel cylinders and replace pistons and rings
3. Breakage of piston rings
3. Replace rings
4. Coking up of cuts in oil removable rings or in flutes of pistons
4. Clear cuts and grooves of a deposit
5. Wear or damage of maslootrazhatelny caps of valves
5. Replace maslootrazhatelny caps
6. The increased wear of cores of valves or guides of plugs
6. Replace valves, repair
head of cylinders
The increased fuel consumption
1. The air gate is not completely open
1. Adjust the gate drive
2. The increased resistance of the movement of the car
2. Check and adjust pressure
in tires, brake system, angles of installation of wheels
3. Wrong installation of the moment of ignition
3. Adjust the ignition moment

4. The vacuum regulator is faulty
ignition distributor.
4. Replace the vacuum regulator or
ignition distributor.
5. High level of fuel in the carburetor:


a) tightness of needle is broken
valve or its laying;
a) check whether there are no foreign particles
between a needle and a saddle of the valve, at
need replace the valve or
laying;
b) the jamming or friction interfering normal movement
float, leakage of a float
b) check and if necessary
replace a float
6. Air jets of the carburetor are littered
6. Clear jets
7. Idling economizer valve
the carburetor does not block output
opening on compulsory single
to the course:

a) the control unit of a pneumatic valve is faulty;
a) replace the block;
b) the pneumatic valve is faulty;
b) replace a pneumatic valve;
c) the microswitch is faulty or
its installation is broken;
c) adjust installation of the microswitch or replace it;
d) the economizer of single is faulty
course
d) replace the damaged economizer details
Engine overheat
1. Weak tension of a belt of the drive of the pump and generator
1. Adjust a belt tension
2. Insufficient amount of liquid
in the cooling system
2. Add cooling liquid in
cooling system
3. Wrong installation of the moment of ignition
3. Adjust the ignition moment
4. The external surface of a radiator is strongly polluted
4. Clear an external surface of a radiator a water stream
5. The thermostat is faulty
5. Replace the thermostat
6. The radiator stopper valve is faulty
(pressure of opening is less than 0,05 MPas
(0,5 kgfs/cm2)
6. Replace a stopper
7. The pump of cooling is faulty
liquids
7. Check operation of the pump, replace
or repair it
Bystry falling of level of liquid in a broad tank
1. The radiator is damaged
1. Repair a radiator or replace
2. Damage of hoses or laying
in connections of pipelines
2. Replace the damaged hoses or
laying
3. Dribble of liquid from the heater crane
3. Replace the crane
4. Collars of hoses are poorly tightened
4. Tighten collars
5. Dribble of liquid through an epiploon
pump of cooling liquid
5. Replace an epiploon
6. The stopper or laying is damaged
radiator traffic jams
6. Replace a stopper
7. Laying of a head of cylinders is damaged
7. Replace laying
8. Dribble of liquid through microcracks in the block or in a head of cylinders
8. Check tightness of the block and a head of cylinders, at detection of cracks replace the damaged details
9. Dribble of liquid through microcracks in the case or a cover of the pump of cooling liquid, a broad tank or an inlet pipe
9. Check tightness, at detection of cracks replace the damaged details; the insignificant leak is allowed to be eliminated with additive in cooling liquid of a germetizator of the NIISS_1 type